Iranian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering

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Abstract: In this paper, kinetics of reductive leaching of manganese dioxide ore by ferrous ion in sulfuric acid media has been examined. Experimental results show that increasing temperature from 20 to 60 °C and decreasing ore particle size from −16+20 to −60+100 mesh considerably enhance both the dissolution rate and efficiency. Molar ratios of Fe2+/MnO2 and H2SO4/MnO2 in excess to the stoichiometric amounts were needed for successful manganese dissolution. Under the optimum condition (ore particle size of −60+100 mesh, Fe2+/MnO2 molar ratio of 3.0, H2SO4/MnO2 molar ratio of 2.0) manganese could be extracted with over 95% efficiency by 20 minutes leaching at room temperature. A kinetic analysis based on dimensionless time method showed that shrinking core – ash diffusion control model fits the experimental results reasonably well. Value of activation energy was found to be 28.1 kJ/mole for the proposed mechanism.

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Abstract:

the changes of BET surface area of a mineral substance during intensive grinding process. Validity of the proposed

model was tested by the experiments performed using a natural chalcopyrite mineral as well as the published data. It

was shown that the model can predict the experimental results with a very good accuracy and can be used to predict

what may happen under the similar experimental conditions.

Based on experimental observations, a model has been developed to describe the effect of grinding time on

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Abstract:

has been investigated. It has been shown that the mechanism of leaching reaction is diffusion through the product layer

and does not undergo any change as a result of mechanical activation in a wide range of experimental conditions.

Leaching rate is strongly influenced by milling intensity and the effect of ball to powder mass ratio is stronger than

milling time. Curve fitting of experimental data shows that leaching rate constant is approximately a linear function

of ball to powder mass ratio, while it obeys a power function with regard to the milling time.

The kinetics of chalcopyrite leaching in a ferric sulfate media for raw and mechanically activated samples

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Ni and Cu elemental powder mixtures containing 25, 50, and 75% at Cu were subjected to mechanical alloying in a planetary ball mill under various milling times. Structural evolution was analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Experimental results indicated that nanostructured solid solution alloy powders having homogeneous distribution of Ni and Cu were formed by milling-induced interdiffusion of the elements. Average crystallite size of the as-milled powders was decreased with increasing Ni content and milling duration, and found to be in the order of 15-40 nm after 30 h of milling for all powder compositions. Moreover, lattice parameter and lattice strain of solid solutions were increased with the time of MA, which was more intense for nickel-rich alloys

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In this paper, the possibility of mechanical coating of aluminum with either Ni or SiC using planetary ball mill was studied. The Al substrate was fixed inside of the vial lid of a planetary ball mill filled with milling balls and starting powder. The phase analysis and crystallite size measurement of the coatings were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was employed to study the coating/substrate interface and coating thickness. Hardness and wear resistance of coatings were also measured. The results indicated that all coatings have relatively uniform thickness. SiC coating shows poor compaction and adhesion to the Al, while nanostructured Ni coating is well-bonded to the substrate. Moreover, Ni coating showed higher hardness and wear resistance compared to SiC coating. It was found that the balls collision will result in the grain refinement of the coating as well as Al substrate. Mechanically deposited Ni coating shows higher hardness value compared to those obtained by conventional methods. This has been related to the induced grain refinement phenomenon.

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In this paper, the effect of MgO, BaO, Na 2 O and SrO addition to a pre-melted CaO-Al2O3 -Si 2 O synthetic slag on sulfur removal from plain carbon steel was studied under the same experimental conditions. The slags were pre-melted at 1400°C in an electric resistant furnace and desulfurization experiments were carried out in a high frequency induction furnace. The results showed that the optimum reaction time for desulfurization was 15 min. It was found that while SrO addition to the ternary slag enhances the sulfur removal capability, MgO, Na 2O and BaO additions reduce desulfurization efficiency of the ternary slag. Moreover, it was observed that restricting access to oxygen from the atmosphere by using a covered crucible, could increase desulfurization efficiency of the slag by more than two fold

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The sensitivity of lead dioxide coating properties to the deposition conditions and electrolyte composition has allowed the preparation of coatings with different properties for different applications. In this study, the effects of electrolyte additives on the electrodeposition process were investigated using electrochemical measurements such as cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results showed that the presence of fluoride ions significantly reduce the possibility of TiO₂ formation. The addition of copper ions not only prevents lead loss at the cathode, but also leads to the formation of copper oxide on the surface at initial stages, which hinders nucleation of PbO₂. The presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) also interferes with the nucleation process as it occupies active nucleation sites. The α-PbO₂ interlayer prevents copper oxidation and solves the problem of lead dioxide nucleation. Finally, it was found that the simultaneous use of all additives together with the α-PbO₂ interlayer has a positive effect on the coating process.