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Effect of Annealing Temperature and Composition on Magnetic Properties of Manganese-Bismuth Homogenized in Tube Furnace
Chitnarong Sirisathitkul, Patchara Sukonrat, Pongsakorn Jantaratana, Thanida Charoensuk,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (9-2022)
Abstract
Repeated heat treatment on manganese-bismuth (MnBi) in a tube furnace increases the homogeneity of rare-earth-free magnets. Ferromagnetic low temperature phase (LTP) MnBi is formed after heating Mn and Bi in a ratio of 2:1 at 1000 °C for 1 h and then 400 °C for 1 h. Areas with comparable compositions of Mn and Bi are detected, but some Mn and Bi remains segregate after using this stepped heating 3 times. The subsequent annealing at 340 °C gives rise to higher magnetizations and coercivity than those using 410 °C annealing. Increasing the starting Mn:Bi ratio to 4:1 reduces the coercivity and remanent magnetization due to the increase in Mn oxidation at the expense of ferromagnetic phase.

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